This theory fantasizes about
tuning the rhythm of vibrating strings in order to control all aspects of
nature, from atoms to galaxies, as it is the theory of everything.
After the theory of super strings gained some acceptance in scientific forums, and with continued
research and scrutiny of its mathematics, five different theories all agreed on
the existence of vibrating strings while differing in the mathematical description
of these strings, and thus scientists found themselves in a new contradiction,
as it is not possible to describe one world, which is the world we live in, in
five different ways, and thus the fame of super strings.
Edward Witten (1) stunned the audience at
the annual general conference held to discuss the theory in Southern California
in 1995 when he revealed that there is only one theory that varies depending on
the angle from which we view these strings, just as a mirror can reflect more
than one image of a single body depending on the angle from which this body
looks at the mirror. As a result, string theory is also referred to as theory
M.M can have multiple meanings depending on the perspective. M could be the
Mother theory, the Mystery theory, or the Matrix theory, for example.
Thus, the five theories were
combined into one; the only disagreement was that the theories with their five
flavors required string movement in ten dimensions of space rather than the
three dimensions we are accustomed to in our natural space (length, width and
height).
To unify different flavors,
Edward added a new dimension to the ten, so the theory required eleven
dimensions, as follows: One (1) time dimension and three (3) space dimensions,
i.e. length, width, and height, as well as six (6) additional dimensions, two
for each of the three coordinate axes (length, width, and height), and an
additional dimension that includes all of them, allowing strings to move in
more than one direction on the space axes.
To illustrate, consider a
cinema screen, which is a flat shape with only two dimensions: length and
width, but the movement of the characters on the screen appears in other
dimensions: forward and backward, up and down, right and left, as the static
images on the film follow each other over time to create the illusion of
movement. The ability of an object to move through multiple dimensions is
referred to as its degree of freedom; the greater the degree of freedom of the
moving body, the more it can move in more directions.
Witten's additions to String
Theory gave strings the properties of elastic membranes that can move in all
directions and occupy infinite spaces. Thus, the String Theory predicted the
possibility of the existence of many worlds other than ours, as well as many
parallel worlds spread across a higher space dimension with laws that differ
from ours. Perhaps one day we will discover that these worlds are adjacent to
our own.
The String Theory can explain
the mystery of gravity being one of the weakest forces in the Universe: it is
billions of times weaker than the electromagnetic force, for example, which has
puzzled scientists for decades, but according to the String Theory, whose
strings are filled with flexible membranes and additional dimensions, we can
understand the topic in a different way: Perhaps gravity is constantly leaking
from our Universe to other universes, whereas gravitational strings (the
graviton) are free to escape to other universes adjacent to ours in the
M-theory.
On the other hand, the escape
of gravitational components into parallel universes may enable future
communication with these worlds via the same gravitational waves. The Super String Theory differs from the Big Bang Theory in that it sees the
Universe as being concentrated in a small material point with a very large
density equal to the mass of the Universe as a whole. The String Theory, on the
other hand, believes that the Universe began with the collision of two parallel
worlds, and that this collision will continue indefinitely.
Anyone who studies the
Superstring Theory feels as if they have exited the natural world with its laws
and entered the realms of science fiction or philosophy. To remain in the field
of science and reality, the theory must pass laboratory tests that require the
ability to repeat the experiment over and over and get the same results each
time, otherwise it will be nothing more than guessing and playing with
mathematical equations.
Despite the depth of its
mathematical equations, the Super String Theory may reach a dead end, but the
search for answers to the mysteries of our elegant Universe will not stop, and
whenever one of the facts is revealed, other facts will appear behind it again,
posing the challenge to humanity to adapt nature for its goodness.
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(1). Edward Witten is an American theoretical physicist and professor at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Born on August 26, 1951, in Baltimore, Maryland, Witten is renowned for his groundbreaking work in super-string theory and quantum gravity
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