The story of creating the Universe in six days-1
The Earth appeared as a faint blue dot in a
Universe of countless billions of sun-like stars and Earth-like planets only
about 4.5 billion years ago. The best time for an advanced-life-habitable
planet to form would be when uranium and thorium abundances were at their
highest[1].
That peak occurred when the Universe was two-thirds its current age — around
4.57 billion years ago, which corresponds to the Earth's formation
4.5662+0.0001 billion years ago.
Speaking about a universe this big and vast in
the hours and days of Earth time is not comprehensive; it is the equivalent of
comparing an ant's length, which is only a few millimeters long, to Mount
Everest's height, which is about 9 kilometers above sea level. Carl Sagan, a
renowned space scientist[2] in his book "The
Dragons of Eden" created a method that allows us to follow the long
history of the Universe by compressing all events into one Earth year, which he
called the ephemeris. This is the first time in the history of space science
that an astronomical calendar (Cosmic Calendar) has been created. While our
current moment refers to the midnight of the last day of the considered year,
December 31, the Big Bang that marked the creation of the Universe occurred
just after midnight on January 1 according to this calendar.
Carl Sagan's astronomical calendar is based on
significant landmarks of cosmic successive events that continued until the Universe
became what it is today.
These events are summarized below:
·
A Big Bang[3] starts the Universe: A very
tiny primeval atom began to inflate at an unimaginable speed approximately 13.8
billion years ago, announcing the beginning of our Universe. According to our
calendar, it was the dawn of January when the cosmic time clock began ticking,
registering the first day's passage of time and the Universe began to expand.
·
The beginning
of the formation of galaxies: Approximately 13 billion years ago, on January
22, the first galaxies began to form. Scientists currently estimate that there
are billions of galaxies in the Universe, each of which contains hundreds of
billions of stars. On the sixth of May, 9 billion years ago, the Milky Way, our
galaxy, began to form. The distance between its two ends is 100,000 light
years, and it has at least 100 billion stars. The solar system and its planets
formed 4.56 billion years ago on September 1st, followed by the formation of
the sun. The solar system is located on one of the Milky Way's outskirts,
approximately 25,000 light-years from its centre.
Other events include:
·
Life first
appeared on Earth 3.8 billion years ago, in the first 20 seconds of September.
On December 26, 230 million years ago, the first dinosaurs appeared on Earth.
On December 27th, 200 million years ago, the first mammals appeared. Dinosaurs
vanished 65 million years ago on December 30th. Many scientists believe that
the primary cause of dinosaur extinction was climate change caused by a
meteorite collision with the Earth; the dust resulting from this collision
blocked the sun for an extended period of time, causing most of the creatures
on Earth to perish.
·
The human
race appeared only 8 minutes before the year's end, or 200,000 years ago, Jesus
Christ appeared only 4 seconds before the year's end, or 2000 years ago, and
Islam began only 3 seconds before the year's end.
·
The Crusades,
the rise of the Mongols, the exodus of Muslims from Andalusia, the
establishment and spread of the Ottoman Empire, the Renaissance in Europe, the
French Revolution, the two World Wars, the conquest of space, and the age of
the Internet all occurred in the last two seconds of the year.
In fact, the Gregorian year, on which Sagan's
calendar is based, is an Earth year-related calendar; it is not a cosmic
special. Another approach to the history of time is to compress all of the
major events of the creation process into six days or six major stages,
ignoring the Gregorian year anomaly. A model for this history begins with the
Big Bang, which allowed the world to emerge, and ends when the Universe ceases
to exist.
According to this calendar, which we will
refer to as The Six Day's Ephemeris, the past, present, and future coexist in
every moment, and we are now in the final moments of the sixth day of creation.
All past and future events are contained within the six days, implying that the
Universe is expanding within space-time but all events are contained within its
borders. For instance, within the boundaries
of the confined Universe, your grandchildren's grandchildren will live and die
thousands of times, but the age of the Universe will continue to be six days.
If the word "day" were used universally, it might not have the same
meanings as they do on Earth; instead, it might refer to a period, phase, or
stage of creation and formation.
The history of the Universe summarized into six
phases or days
To be continued ...
[1] . Ian Randall, Thorium could help alien life
emerge, PLANETARY SCIENCE/ RESEARCH UPDATE, 02 Jan 2013
[2] .
Carl Edward Sagan (November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American
astronomer, planetary scientist, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist,
author, and science communicator.
[3].
NASA, "Brief History of the Universe", December 2006: The Big Bang
was not an explosion in space, as the theory's name might suggest. Instead, it
was the appearance of space everywhere in the Universe.
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